Personal Narrative The Robot - 871 Words

The Robot One normal day in my neighborhood I had a birthday party. Every guest that has arrived left except for my friend Gabi. We were both very eager to open my presents, so that’s what we did. â€Å"Open mine,† said Gabi excitingly. â€Å"Alright,† I had proclaimed. As I opened it to my surprise what I saw was a pink robot that was big. â€Å"Do you like it?† Gabi asked cheerfully. â€Å"Of course I like it, but it’s just missing one little thing,† I said. â€Å"Well, what could that be, Gabi had said with confusion. â€Å"Decoration,† I screamed. We decorated, decorated, and decorated, until we got really tired. What we decided to go and do was get a little snack. Gabi and I only got water. â€Å"I think we forgot to turn off the robot,† I said. â€Å"Don’t worry I got it,† replied Gabi. As she was running back with excitement she tripped on the carpet and spilled the water all over the robot. â€Å"Oops,† Gabi said softly. The robot started to malfunction, it was going crazy. It started to go all around the house. We didn’t think it was bad until it started to destroy everything in sight. That’s when we started to care. We followed it everywhere. The robot even managed to brake the front door and go out into the neighborhood. â€Å"Uh oh,† Gabi said. â€Å"Uh oh is right,† I proclaimed. We had no other choice but to destroy that thing once and for all, sadly. As we stepped outside we figured that we had lost it. â€Å"We can’t giveShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Karel Capek s Rossum s Universal Robots1629 Words   |  7 Pages Fearless Robot Labor In Karel Capek’s Rossum’s Universal Robots, the factory which Helena visits and lives at mass produces robots sold as workers around the world. Originally, old Rossum began experimenting with the artificial creation of a human being in order to uproot and imitate God. The young Rossum then simply wanted to extinguish the need for human workers by creating robots that would completely take over all the work that is necessary to sustain the human race. The robots that he thenRead MoreThe Integration Of Robotics And Artificial Intelligence1036 Words   |  5 Pages Most of current manual jobs, especially in the assembly category get a massive replacement of machinery like robots that receive continuous upgrading to improve flexibility and ease of task handling. The critical element of thinking demonstrated by humans gets adopted in robotics and automation by the developments intensified in the field of Artificial Intelligence. The fear of robots taking over human tasks should get dismissed because the adoption of new technology elevates innovation levelsRead MoreThor and the Odyssey Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pageshis power and his father’s thrown. Similarly, the Odyssey is about Odysseus’ long journey back to his kingdom after the Trojan War. Thor and the Odyssey are very alike; but great hardship and historical literature reveals a contrast. Both narratives compare as timeless tales of reputable heroes. They both include similar plots of long journeys back home. The main characters’ flaws are arrogance which is the source of many of their troubles. Thor and Odysseus’ biggest character flawRead MorePseudocode Standard1507 Words   |  7 Pagesimplementation becomes a rote mechanical task of translating line by line into source code. In general the vocabulary used in the pseudocode should be the vocabulary of the problem domain, not of the implementation domain.   The pseudocode is a narrative for someone who knows the requirements (problem domain) and is trying to learn how the solution is organized.   E.g., Extract the next word from the line (good) set word to get next token (poor) Append the file extension to the name (good) Read MoreMy Personal Narrative1420 Words   |  6 PagesMy personal narrative It was a normal summer morning, the sun came up, and I woke up and got ready for the day, but it wouldn’t be any normal summer day. It all started when the same summer morning, when my dad asked, â€Å"Hey Gavin, you want to go to the Makers Fair at Union Station?† I didn’t know what he was talking about, so I asked him a few questions about what the makers fair was. He told me that it was a fair where people made products and technology. My dad stated, â€Å"I wouldn’t ask you ifRead MoreThe Video : Look Up By Gary Turk1046 Words   |  5 Pagesviewers to reflect upon such. With the telling of a potential love story, the video evokes emotion through the use of a personal connection and pathos. Additionally, the video targets the youth demographic, which is claimed to be the technological generation, on multiple occasions throughout. Finally the spoken poetry style keeps listeners engaged and attentive to the narrative accompanying the powerful visu als. By examining these specific aspects, it can be understood just how Gary Turk was successfulRead MoreMr. Robot : The Gritty And Alienating City Of New York2257 Words   |  10 Pages Mr. Robot takes place in the gritty and alienating city of New York. The first season premiered on June 24, 2015, and ended on September 2, 2015. Each episode focuses on the personal development of Mr. Robot’s attitude towards the world and its inhabitants, in a way that stands out from other American television programs. Not raising the bar of risk, but perhaps introducing new ideas regarding how we perceive each other. Nonetheless, it is important to examine these thoughts that are often overlookedRead MoreBlade Runner – a Method to the Generic Madness2468 Words   |  10 Pagesimportant to know these genres, is because genre consists of a set of codes, that are recognized and in turn understood by both filmmaker and audience. This set of codes, once recognized, leads to expectati ons of a certain style of mis-en-scene, narrative, type of characters etc. that ultimately affects the meanings found in the film (Doll, 1986, 89). Most films have the potential to utilize sets of code from more than one genre, but only some can be considered multi-generic. This depends on theRead MoreThe Heroes From Each Narrative1590 Words   |  7 PagesBoth of the heroes from each narrative face a certain goal to accomplish yet struggle in life at first in their own personal ways. For instance, in Tomorrowland Casey Newton, playing the role as the main character in the story and also playing the hero figure faces the challenge of reaching another dimension called Tomorrowland and also faces living with her father who is struggling with the fact that he might lose his job. And in the film Meet the Robinsons Lewis the main character and the filmsRead MoreAnalysis of the Short Story: Super Toys Last All Summer Long2732 Words   |  11 Pagesquestion since we started our project about robots. It’s a very complex question. The classical sense of what is real is something natural, something that is not man-made, for examp le the nature or the universe. 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Impression management in accounting Example

Essays on Impression management in accounting Essay Impression Management in Accounting Number: Introduction Impression management theory is one of the theories being applied in the 21st century in controlling information. It refers to the process or activity whose main goal is to control information specifically in order to sway the perception of the audience (Cunningham, 2013, p.45). Under this type of management, managers are interested with influencing the impressions of the other people such as friends and enemies, influence objects such as products or organizations, events like task performance, ideas such as socialism versus capitalism among other aspects. Often, impression management is bewildered with self-presentation (Cunningham, 2013, p.45). Self-presentation refers to a scenario whereby individuals try to control their own impressions rather than that of the other people or other business entities. Under impression management, the management’s focus on controlling the its image or impression over some objects and events which is a vital element in effective interaction. Impression management theory is gaining some popularity in the accounting sector in the modern world since the scope of accounting information has been experiencing tremendous growth with the accounting reports being released influencing major factors in the business organization. However, dominance of this type of management in the accounting sector has been negatively affecting the comprehension, reliability as well as the relevance of accounting information. Therefore, this calls for ways of reducing or standardizing accounting information while at the same time reducing chances of application of impression management in the accounting reports since such a room would only affect the reliability of the information given hence lowering the quality of the information given. According to the impression ma nagement theory, business organizations or individuals are required to create and maintain opinions that are consistent with the impression they want to create to the public (Cunningham, 2013, p.45). The theory also explains ways in which individuals can establish and maintain their good public image. Voluntary disclosures refer to the information released by business organizations as part of their annual reports even though they are not required by the law to do so. The released information is meant for enlightening all the stakeholder about the crucial decisions that the management could have made. Voluntary information mostly encompasses management projections, forecast, analysts’ presentations, press release, financial press and the industry’s expert analysis just to mention a few. These types of disclosures are very common in the modern world since managements are using them as a way of providing extra information to clarify issues of concern that might have caused dissatisfactions of the stakeholders from the released mandatory reports. Mandatory financial reports refer to the information that business organizations are required by law or company’s act to release. Mostly organizations are required to disclose crucial financial reports to the public espe cially for public companies as per the accounting standards or stock exchange regulations. The theory of voluntary and mandatory reports explains reasons why it is necessary for corporates to release the two reports and more so voluntary disclosures. Some of the main reasons are attraction of new shareholders, which creates and maintain high demand for the corporates shares, minimizing information risks, which would lead in lowering the cost of capital and in helping the company in raising capital. Such information may also create a good public image of the organization by disclosing information relating to the activities that the company has engaged in that are socially responsible. Corporate narratives refers to the stories that are written the organizations management communicating about the relevance of the business entity and what it offers to the customers lives be it personal or within the business context . The narratives are termed as a highly effective way of capturing the attention of the customers and the public in general. Great stories lead to more customer attractions and at times, they may end up having a bigger impact in the market place than the typical marketing hence generating more revenue for the organization. However, for the narratives to be effective, they have to meet some standards in terms of credibility, readability, understandability, variability, textual characteristics among other elements. It is very important for corporate narratives to be readable and be easy for manipulation or variance. Poorly prepared narratives may end up not communicating the desired message to the public at all since they only narratives are only confusing and distracting. However, the level to which readability of the narratives can be influenced is limited. At times, the narratives may be left confusing deliberately purposely so as to make the readers to probe more about the organization hence in the process the management conveying the desired message. Readability is influenced by two factors namely managerial manipulation and writer’s incompetence. Nevertheless, in both situations, the narratives could be made difficult to read intentionally or intentionally even though mostly it can only happen deliberately because most corporates hire professionals to write these narratives. Understandability of the narratives is another crucial aspect that the writer should lay special focus on. Incomprehensible stories are likely to make the public more confused with the intended message being not delivered at all. Easily understandable narratives are interesting while reading and remain in the readers’ memory for long. The narratives should also be easily variable depending on the circumstances so that the management can easily manipulate it. The text used should make readability easy as well as make the writing more attractive for the customers to be eager to read it. Unappealing writings are likely to be ignored by customers. The narratives should focus on the company’s strengths by giving good news that is likely to win the confidence of the stakeholders over the company’s performance. Well-presented financial reports can promote the image of the organizations to the community (Gibson, 2009, p.65). This is achieved by use of graphs in the end year reports which focuses on relationships, makes analyzing of data easy hence saving time as well as help in making the readers to remember the report more clearly. It also makes reading easier even for the people who do not know how to read by highlighting key points. Graphs are mostly used for representing financial information such as company’s profit growth in profit and its decrease in expenditure among other crucial reports. However, some corporates tend to misuse graphs in communicating information that does not require use of graphs. In addition, excessive use of graphs as well as biased labeling can also be termed as misleading or distorted graphs. Some of the potential bias in the financial graphs include improper labeling, deliberate erroneous scale as well as using a truncated graph whose y-axis scale doe s not start from zero (Gibson, 2009, p.65). In conclusion, impression management involves activities that the management applies deliberately in order to influence the other people’s perception on matters concerning events or objects. This type of management has gained popularity over time especially in the accounting sector whereby management control the information released by their accounting reports specifically to influence people. This ends up affecting the quality and reliability of the given information. It is important for a business to release voluntary disclosures for they help in clarify issues off greater concern to the public that the compulsory annual reports may not elaborate. Use of corporates narratives plays a major role in marketing the company. They should be prepared by a professional so as to make them easily readable and comprehensible. Graphical representation of annual financial reports play creates a good image of the company. It should be free from biases as well as not be over used. Some of the common biases common are improper labeling as well as scale error, which could be done intentionally. Bibliography Cunningham, C. 2013. Social networking and impression management: Self-presentation in the digital age. Lanham: Lexington Books. Gibson, C. H. 2009. Financial reporting analysis: Using financial accounting information. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Top of Form Top of Form Bottom of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Bottom of Form

Group Drumming as Burnout Prevention †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Group Drumming as Burnout Prevention. Answer: Introduction: Burnout of health professionals when working with mentally ill patients is a form of stress but occurs due to exposure to a new event and is always associated with the workplace. It is important that creative activities that reduce burnout among nurses working with mentally ill patients or those working at the oncology ward be used to address the problem. The objective is to improve the well-being and the quality of life. In a study at a hospital in Lithuania, nurses were offered to an opportunity to attend sessions on silk painting. Five different time slots were available and depending on their work schedules they could choose the slot as per their convenience. It gave them a chance to express their creativity, relax and socialize with their peers. The classes were scheduled once a week and the outcomes for the nursing staff in the interventional group as compared to the control group were much better. They felt part of community, safe at work, more energetic, could relax after work, and were happier. They felt less nervous, calm and peaceful and their life was more meaningful, they could resolve work problems more easily than before and experienced less bodily pain than before. More optimistic about the future, cheerful, interested in other people, and could find solutions to problems in a better way (Karpaviciute Macijauskien, 2016). At a public mental health unit in South Africa also reported favourable outcomes for the health care professionals working in a high stress environment when they attended group drumming classes. They felt part of a team, it improved their mood, they found an escape from trauma and experienced better emotional health (Newman, Maggott, Alexander, 2015). References Karpaviciute, S., Macijauskien, J. (2016). The Impact of Arts Activity on Nursing Staff. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, 435; doi:10.3390/ijerph13040435. Newman, G., Maggott, C., Alexander, D. (2015). Group drumming as a burnout prevention initiative among staff members at a child and adolescent mental health care facility. South African Journal of Psychology , 45(4):439-451.

Leading and Managing Organisational Change

Question: Write an essay on "Leading and Managing Organisational Change". Answer: Change Resistance This report reflects my personal opinion and the vast experience on number of issues relating to change. It also provides a reflection on resistance to the change and the impact on organisation. Forces that contribute to change can be External and Internal and these combine to form the change like Economic and political, Cultural and Social, Technological and New Leadership, New Mission, Conflict (Todnem ,2005). Resistance can be usually referred to as an inevitable response that arises with change and shall therefore exist within organization. This can occur at various organisational levels. Therefore it becomes the necessary action that needs to be taken by these individuals and also the groups when they presume that change which is happening poses a threat for them. It also can encourage healthy work discussions. Management looks at resistance as the end thing during process of change. In major cases it is likely that it will bring detrimental impact towards the whole organisational program. Hence organisations realised the advantages of team work and involvement of Leadership to overcome these barriers. It also encouraged understanding the ways in influencing Leader. To understand better we can take the example the technology which people were averse because of the complexities, but with leaders in the industry able to guide them through the process in understanding how simple it makes their work with little effort helped the industry to grow. Behavioural concepts Leadership After learning the behavioural approach helped to understand the positive and negative effects and the desired actions from management. The Behavioural concepts and theories of the leadership mainly focus on studying specific traits of the leader ( oran, Brightman, 2000)Two types of leaders Task Oriented Leaders mainly concentrate their behaviours on the organisational structure, the operating practices while looking to keep close control. They look at favouring behaviours which are in tune with Organising, with initiating, with clarifying and also with information gathering. People oriented leaders primarily focus on ensuring inner needs and concerns of people are met first. These leaders look at motivating the staff by focussing more on human relationship. They however manage to concentrate on the work and the results which these leaders achieve by different means. These Leaders with people concentration posses traits that are in tune with Listening, observing, encouraging, mentoring and also coaching. Through Psychodynamics, better known the dynamic psychology, in the broad aspect, is the approach towards the psychology which emphasizes the systematic study of the psychological forces that make of the human behaviour, the emotions, the feelings and their relation to early experience. A understanding is the behaviour of the salesman in the organisation where his reaction to the various achievements when he is rewarded and also at times he is unable to achieve his targets. The leadership approach underlying there to make the salesman motivated makes its impact. After motivation has personally witnessed Salesman in our organisation achieve double digit targets (Burnes, 2004). Teams /Groups are defined as number of people looking at completing the task together. Hence group identity is created. Largely people belong to Group membership by one way or other by nation, religion, sport etc. Therefore this Group membership influences the behaviour of individuals in different ways by providing a sense of identity and also security, helps develops a structure with including roles, establishing the norms and also expectations for members to conform, improves the output through the collective support which can result in also conflict with the other groups, communication of shared knowledge. I have seen myself taking pride in being associated with groups that provides me with recognition that is at my society, office or elsewhere. It creates the pressure to perform to achieve the groups norms which are rules about behaviour in the group that they set. Team work is a technique that organisations use to gain the benefits of the groups presence has on the individual behaviour. It affects the work in the organisation (Dessler, 2001). From my personal experience belong to a group which is having its feet on ground and are very practical oriented in life. From the organisations perspective have a team where we can take effective decisions, help each other to accomplish the tasks by helping each other. The above context also summarises the interdependence that myself experience which can be of the degree of Interdependence, pooled interdependence, sequential interdependence, and reciprocal interdependence depending on the various stages of operations and circumstances in life. Hence with understanding it is well understood that Team work enhances the end results. Dunbars and group norms This report reflects upon the personal views and the experience on issues relating to the Dunbars Number which are really a suggested cognitive limit on number of manpower along with those one really can maintain a positive social relationship. Its about relationship wherein an individual must know about each person and how they relate to every other (Hallinger, 2003). Therefore it is important to know the relationship and the limit to the number of individuals to work in the team. From my experience after undertaking a project we realised that too many people in that team were spoiling the project because of various issues that was because of motivation, proper coaching etc. Hence we downsized the number of people as it started fetching better results. This inspired me to have better leadership skills where effective communication is very vital. Having discussed task and relationship oriented leaders myself understood that it is better to maintain a relationship approach at the same time keeping the task on priority basis. Therefore it has to be combination of both as ultimately organisation grows if people within organisations grow. Hence it is vital to have group discussions (Beer, 2000). Having experience both a leader and also a follower these qualities are important for Leaders to be honest, inspiring, forward thinking and more so competent to lead while Followers need to be also honest, dependable, cooperative and also competent to perform the task. It is also important for Leaders to look at the influence where he should impact and also provide necessary freedom to the group. Hence he should Decide, Consult individually, and Consult the Group, Facilitate and then Delegate. Leadership traits After having understood and experienced it is these qualities like vision, strategy, decisions, challenges, teamwork, creativity, motivation and ambition are vital to work effectively in the organisation. It is therefore the very qualities that determine the job fitness for growth. It can also be the Type like realistic, investigative, social, conventional, enterprising and artistic with personal characteristics and their occupations which they suit to. Leaders behaviour towards the members can be in-group or out-group depending on his personality as I have experienced more of in-group in the various organisations worked providing Direction, Monitoring, Motivating, Support and also giving rewards ( Elving, 2005). It is important for leaders to have qualities that support change. The edgy catalyser to create change creates discomfort, visionary motivator energizes people by engagement, measured connector- sees the purpose and connectivity to help change, tenacious implementer who sets and plans deadlines and the needed progress to achieve, being a thoughtful type architect designs the strategies that lead to provide basis for change. Leadership Styles Having seen Leadership styles differ from person to person and also across organisations like Authoritarian, Delegative and Participative. Participative leaders bring positive environment, cooperative relationship, diversity that is valued, balance in participation, conflict management concepts, clear defined goals and roles, clear and also open communication methods, and finally effective use decision making capabilities. From my present experience in my organisation it is important be involved, take ownership and be committed to the job at hand (Peus et al 2009). Planned Unplanned change Unplanned change occurs because of lack of planning. Therefore it is vital to see the types and process of change like the planned, Unplanned, Evolutionary or Revolutionary. Its from the experience from my organisation to implements new technologies we faced this unfreezing, changing and freezing of the process and thereby helped its implementation (Crawford Nahmias, 2010). Leading change also reflects on the Leadership style, the flexibility in structure and the open organisation culture. We faced a lot of questions initially during the change and the organisation was encouraging to understand the concerns. Conclusion: Having completed the task and gaining a good and wide understanding regarding the very concept relating to change management and the leadership styles with its implications has been really worth and expect this study to help me in future to implement these areas of change in the various processes of the organisation that myself may work. This case study provides a valuable experience of the various tasks learnt by incorporating real life experiences. References Todnem By, R. (2005). Organisational change management: A critical review. Journal of Change Management, 5(4), 369-380. oran, J. W., Brightman, B. K. (2000). Leading organizational change. Journal of Workplace Learning, 12(2), 66-74. Burnes, B. (2004). Managing change: A strategic approach to organisational dynamics. Pearson Education. Chicago Dessler, G. (2001). Management: Leading People and Organizations in the 2131 Century. Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of education, 33(3), 329-352. Beer, M. (2000). Breaking the code of change. Harvard Business Press. Elving, W. J. (2005). The role of communication in organisational change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 10(2), 129-138. Peus, C., Frey, D., Gerkhardt, M., Fischer, P., Traut-Mattausch, E. (2009). Leading and managing organizational change initiatives. management revue, 158-175. Crawford, L., Nahmias, A. H. (2010). Competencies for managing change. International journal of project management, 28(4), 405-412.

Night And Eliezer Essays - The Holocaust, Holocaust Literature

Night And Eliezer Eliezer was a young boy when the Holocaust began. He saw his family, his friends, and his fellow Jews humiliated and murdered. This autobiography, Night, was written by Eliezer Wiesel. He wrote about what horrors he saw and went through during this dreadful period in time. The first part of the book is when he was very religious and prays with Moshe. When the German soldiers come into their town the townspeople fear them. But this is when he begins to become doubtful. For the rest of the novel, Eliezer starts to question his God. Eliezer Wiesel was twelve when he first met Moshe the Beadle. At this time in his life, he was a big believer in God. He studied the Talmud during the day and at night he prayed at the synagogue. One day Eliezer asked his father, who was a rabbi, "Can you find me a master to guide me in my studies of the cabbala?"(1) But his father simply replied, "You're too young for that. Maimonides said it was only at thirty that one had the right to venture into the perilous world of mysticism." (1-2) In return to this statement made by his father, he went out to find his own. This is when he found Moshe. Almost every evening, they would talk about God and sit in the synagogue and pray. Moshe became Eliezer's master to show him the mysteries of the cabbala. During these nights, Eliezer said, "We would read together, ten times over, the same page of the Zohar. Not to learn it by heart, but to extract the divine essence from it."(3) Since Moshe was a foreign Jew, he had been taken away to a concentration camp. He had escaped only to be able to tell the townspeople what he had seen. No one believed him. Even Eliezer did not believe his foolish story. But Eliezer could see that Moshe had changed. He no longer talked about God and the cabbala. People thought he was a madman. "What an imagination he has!" people said. (5) People continued to do their daily tasks as if he had not said anything at all. Although Eliezer heard horrible stories from Moshe, he still continued his studies of the cabbala. A while later, Germans were known to be in a town close by Sighet. The optimists thought they would not come to our town though because there are strategic and political reasons why they would not want to leave that town. But, three days later, they were in Sighet. At first, they acted friendly and one even gave gifts to Eliezer neighbor who was housing him. By the seventh night of Passover, the nightmare began. All the leaders of the Jewish community had been arrested. They had rules the people had to obey like wearing yellow star and staying in our house for a certain amount of days, etc. The next thing that came was deportation. The people had to wait on a blazing hot street waiting for their turn to come. Little by little, Eliezer started to disbelieve that there was a God. "Oh God, Lord of the Universe, take pity upon us in thy great mercy," the people said. (17) The night before they left they didn't pray to pass the time more quickly. When they arrived at the first camp, his father and Eliezer were separated from the rest of his family. He heard about people who went to the crematory and the gas chambers. His father started praying. "For the first time, I felt a revolt rise up in me. Why should I bless His name? The Eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All-Powerful and Terrible, was silent. What had I to thank Him for?"(31) Moving from one concentration camp to another, Eliezer saw many more deaths. While at Buna, he witnessed many more deaths and hangings. While watching three prisoners die slow and miserable deaths, Eliezer heard a man behind him say, "Where is God now?"(62) I replied in my head "Where is He? Here He is-He is hanging here on this gallows."(62) Later in the novel, his father gets very sick .The doctor's can not help him. While roll call his father called Eliezer's name, but the officer told him to be quiet. He did not hear and continued to call for me. He was shot in the head, but did not die immediately. He managed to get out the word one last time "Eliezer." When I woke up the

Jet Program Sample Essay

Jet Program Sample EssayA good reason to write a 'jet program' or a 'flight test analysis and plan,' is to demonstrate an understanding of the topics. A pilot may wish to find out about safety concerns associated with the types of flight operations, he has been assigned to.Often, passengers would like to know the time that the pilot has received proper training. They might be interested in knowing that the plane is well maintained and also provide an explanation of why certain problems may have occurred. The above examples all have the purpose of getting the reader to read a solid essay on a subject that they should have a basic understanding.Of course, not every writing assignment has to be written on supplemental papers. If you are assigned a location that requires a flight test, then you should still include your review of the class you have attended. Review is one of the most important components of any flight test, so it is imperative that the reader understands what the issues were when the FAA exam was given. It is also important to remember that there are multiple levels of test takers, so it is best to make sure you cover all of the required areas.Typically, students who take the appropriate supplemental study materials for each flight must review the primary sections. Generally, these include the Civil Aviation Administration regulations, Federal Aviation Administration safety standards, the 'general' FAA civil pilot guidelines, the General Aviation Safety Rules, as well as a review of passenger handling laws. These are all part of the first segment of each class.If the student has been assigned to write a flight test analysis and plan, then he/she must also include the final examinations. In addition, the student must have reviewed and fully understood all of the factors involved in aircraft operation. This is part of the second segment of the class.Specific regulations regarding the operation of commercial planes in general aviation is a crucial asp ect of the review that should be included. The student should have thoroughly understood the procedures required for operating the plane, in order to pass the initial examination. Review of the basics of commercial flights and airplanes are required for passing the written portion of the written examination.Student observations and reviews of the groundcrew training sessions should also be included. All aspects of training, in which the student participated, must be discussed. Observation of the operations of the aircraft, crew, and crew member must be included in the review of the student.When reviewing the written section of the pilot's duty schedule, the student must make sure to include the time he/she spent completing an activity and a deadline for submission. Reviews must be done at the beginning of the semester, or at the beginning of the term. However, the student must include the written sections during the final exam period.

The Power to Declare War Essay Example

The Power to Declare War Essay Example The Power to Declare War Essay The Power to Declare War Essay The Power to Declare War Ritwik Ravin Poltical Science Mrs. Mooney December 13, 2010 Ricky Ravin, Mrs. Mooney The Power to Declare War Congress and the president use their powers to check and balance each other. One power of Congress is the ability to declare war. However, Congress generally gives the president control during war time. Because of this, the president is able to acquire more power over the war while Congress can do little if they have already given their approval. After the Vietnam War, in which Presidents Johnson and Nixon continued to wage despite a divided Congress[i]; they decided that the Constitution did not warrant the president to have the power to declare war, so they passed the War Powers Resolution[ii]. While the War Powers Act was meant to explicitly limit presidential war powers, it is largely ignored by the president, who holds the power to send troops into combat. According to Section 2C of the War Powers Act, the constitution states that the president holds the right to send troops into combat only after: a Congressional declaration of war, a specific statutory authorization, or in a National emergency created by an attack on the United States. Since the president does not follow this statement, the War Powers Act attempts to curb some of the powers he has obtained that have been set by precedent. Under Section 3, the act states that if possible, the president must consult with Congress before sending troops into combat, and he must report to Congress regularly on the status of the war. Section 4 is more specific, it states that if troops are sent into war without a declaration, the president needs to report on: why it’s necessary, the constitutional authority under which such introduction took place, and the estimated duration of the war. Furthermore, it states that between sixty and ninety days after a report is submitted or is required to be submitted, the president must terminate use of troops unless Congress: declares war, authorizes use of the troops, extends the period, or cannot meet due to an attack on the United States[iii]. Prior to the War Powers Act, President Harry Truman, rather than seek Congressional declaration, used his constitutional power as commander in chief to commit troops to the Korean War. Congress had no say in whether this war would be fought. Along with this, the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave Presidents Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon the power to â€Å"take all necessary measures †¦ to prevent further aggression[iv]. † This gave the presidents complete control over the war despite the Congresses eventual division, who could do nothing about it. These incidents caused Congress to decide that the Framers did not intend for the president to have this kind of war making power, so they passed the War Powers Act on November 7th, 1973, right after the Vietnam War. The War Powers Act was explicitly meant to limit presidential powers during war time, but it has failed to do so. The ninety day limit has never been followed and while 99 reports have been submitted to Congress because of the Resolution, the reports are simply to inform, rather than consult with Congress, after a planned action is already under way. During the presidential reign of Gerald Ford, the United States was involved with six military crises: the rescue of U. S. citizens and refugees in Vietnam after the war, the rescue of the Mayaguez, and two evacuation operations in Lebanon. The War Powers Act was not applied in any of these situations, and it’s relevancy in military rescue operations has been questioned. Also, in 1990, President George H. W. Bush committed 500,000 troops to Saudi Arabia in Operation Desert Storm. The troops were left there for longer than 60 days without Congressional approval, again defying the limits of the act. President Bill Clinton sent troops into Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, the Middle East, and Kosovo, all without Congressional approval. Clinton, like other presidents, believes that the president has the authority of Commander in Chief to send troops into combat. House Joint Resolution 114, passed on October 16th, 2002, gave a broad authorization to the President to use troops against Iraq to protect the national security of the United States. The plaintiffs argued in the Supreme Court case Doe vs. Bush and Rumfield, that a specific declaration was necessary for the president to use troops. The case was dismissed as it was believed that foreign policy is outside the jurisdiction of the courts and President Bush was allowed to wage this war without any Congressional Declaration. In fact, Congress has only declared five wars, the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the Spanish-American War, World War I, and World War II. In these wars, the president has been the one who decided that war was necessary and asked Congress for a declaration. On the other hand, the president has waged over 100 conflicts without Congressional approval. The Constitution was left ambiguous by the framers when it came to war powers. They did not clearly state that the president could not send troops without a declaration of war, and they did not give Congress the final power to wage wars. Technically, Congress does have the final say on a war because they provide the money for the troops; but they have not used this power because the troops would be stranded without supplies. The framers left the Constitution ambiguous on war powers in order for it to be flexible for changing times[v]. Congress does not need to declare war for it to be fought, and the president has the final say in declaring war. Throughout history, Congress has let the president have complete control of wars while they focus on laws. The War Powers Act has attempted to restrict presidential powers, but it is largely ignored by latter presidents. Congress supports wars that are won even if undeclared, but they criticize the President if an undeclared war is lost. Congress is an important part of wartime with the supplying of troops, nevertheless, it is the President’s call whether to wage a war or not. Congress can declare war, but if the President does not send troops, then there is no war. As Commander in Chief, it is the president who can truly declare war. Bibliography National Constitution Center. â€Å"War Making – Executive and Legislative Powers – Educational Resources. † National Constitution Center. http://constitutioncenter. org/ncc_edu_War_Making_Executive_and_Legislative_Powers. aspx (accessed December 9, 2010) Washington Post. â€Å"War Powers Act Timeline. † Washington Post. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/onpolitics/articles/timeline_politics1. html (accessed December 9, 2010) Williams, Charles F. â€Å"War Powers: A New Chapter in a Continuing Debate. † Social Education 67 (April 2003): 128, 131-132 Yale Law School. â€Å"Avalon Project – War Powers Resolution. † Yale Law School. http://avalon. law. yale. edu/20th_century/warpower. asp (accessed December 9, 2010) [i] Washington Post, â€Å"War Powers Act Timeline,† Washington Post, ashingtonpost. com/wp-srv/onpolitics/articles/timeline_politics1. html. [ii] Ibid. [iii] Yale Law School. â€Å"Avalon Project – War Powers Resolution. † Yale Law School. http://avalon. law. yale. edu/20th_century/warpower. asp (accessed December 9, 2010) [iv] National Constitution Center, â€Å"War Making – Executive and Legislative Powers – Educational Resources,† National Constitution Cent er. [v] Charles F. Williams, â€Å"War Powers: A New Chapter in a Continuing Debate,† Social Education 67 (April 2003): 128, 131-132.